超驗(yàn)主義名詞解釋英文？超驗(yàn)主義(英文:Transcendentali *** ,也叫“新英格蘭超驗(yàn)主義”或者說(shuō)“美國(guó)文藝復(fù)興”)是美國(guó)的一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)。它興起于1830年代的新英格蘭地區(qū),其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是美國(guó)思想家、那么，超驗(yàn)主義名詞解釋英文？一起來(lái)了解一下吧。
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1.超驗(yàn)主義Transcendentalism
A literary and philosophical movement, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.
2.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Realism：
The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form.
什么是要英文的定義?超驗(yàn)主義-------主張人能超越感覺(jué)和理性而直接認(rèn)識(shí)真理-黑色幽默--------一種哭笑不得的幽默，悲劇內(nèi)容和喜劇形式交織的混雜，表現(xiàn)世界的荒誕、社會(huì)對(duì)人的異化、理性原則破滅后的惶惑、自我掙扎的徒勞，是其中心內(nèi)容。自然主義-------文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中的一種傾向。一方面排斥浪漫主義的想象、夸張、抒情等主觀因素，另一方面輕視現(xiàn)實(shí)主義對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的典型概括，而追求絕對(duì)的客觀性，崇尚單純地描摹自然，著重對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的表面現(xiàn)象作記錄式的寫(xiě)照，并企圖以自然規(guī)律特別是生物學(xué)規(guī)律解釋人和人類社會(huì)。爵士樂(lè)------一種起源于非洲的音樂(lè)形式，由民歌發(fā)展而來(lái)。爵士樂(lè)以多種形式呈現(xiàn)出繁榮景象，其樂(lè)曲風(fēng)格極其耀眼,節(jié)奏一般以鮮明,強(qiáng)烈為主,從根源布魯斯、拉格泰姆, 經(jīng)過(guò)新奧爾良爵士樂(lè)到Dixieland爵士樂(lè)、搖擺樂(lè)、主流爵士、比波普、現(xiàn)代爵士到自由爵士及電子爵士。 爵士時(shí)代-------一般指一戰(zhàn)以后，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條以前的約十年的時(shí)間
1. Growth and Development
Ralph Waldo Emerson published Nature in 1836 which represented a new way of intellectual thinking in America. “The Universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. Spirit is present everywhere.” This new voice led American Romanticism to a new and mature period, the period of New England Transcendentalism. This was the most significant development of American literature in the mid-19th century. “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” (1836---1855) was the first American intellectual movement, which exerted a tremendous impact on the consciousness of American people. As Lawrence Buell states, “To proclaim transcendentalism’s impact, however, is easier than to define it, for the movement was loosely organized and its boundaries were indistinct” (Elliott 364).
New England Transcendentalism was, in essence, romantic idealism on Puritan soil. It was a system of thought that originated from three sources. First William Ellery Channing (1780---1842) was an American Unitarian clergyman. His Unitarianism represented a thoughtful revolt against orthodox Puritanism. Unitarianism believed God as one being, rejecting the doctrine of trinity, stressing the tolerance of difference in religious opinion, and giving each congregation the freecontrol of its own affairs and its independent authority. It laid the foundation for the central doctrines of transcendentalism. Secondly, the idealistic philosophy from France and Germany exerted enormous impact on American intellectuals. Thirdly, oriental mysticism as revealed in Hindu and Chinese classics reached America in English translations. As a result, New England Transcendentalism blended native American tradition with foreign influences.
Dissatisfied with the materialistic-oriented society and eager to save the soul with a doctrine of the mind, some American intellectuals were so athirst for new ideas that they formed an informal discussing group, the Transcendental Club, with some thirty men and women of Boston and Concord in 1836. They were strongly influenced by the new German idealism and delighted in abstract discussion. They met irregularly over the next four years at Ralph Waldo Emerson's home in Concord for the purpose of discussing the new ideas of life and society. This club was the first and most famous of a series of forums that served during the next few decades as social gathering points. It became the movement's magnetic center. From 1836 to 1835, they advocated their views and principles in various magazines. Besides, they even published their journal. The Dial (1840-1844).
Their meetings and their journal promoted this movement and added prominence to it. Many people interested in the new ideas of transcendentalism were impressed by the brotherhood of humanity. In order to separate themselves from the evil society, they made two communitarian experiments by establishing ideal communities. George Ripley (1802-1880) set up the Brook Farm on Boston's outskirts, which ran from 1841 to 1847 with emphasis on cooperation without competition. On this farm, people shared in domestic and physical labor, and secured material and cultural welfare. It stressed educational reform and its most distinguished institution was its school. The great novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne (1806-1864) was once its member. It is a pity that a disastrous fire in the uninsured main building put and end to this experiment. The second experiment is Fruitlands, near Harvard, set up by Bronson Alcott (1799-1888) in 1843. On this farm, Alcott stressed the absolute avoidance of exploitation of man and beast. It lasted less than a year because it was more extreme in practice than the Brook Farm. Alcott also helped to organize and preside over the concord School of Philosophy (1879-1888), a summer seminar. This was the last significant activity of transcendentalism. However, in the 1830s and 1840s,transcendentalism was treated in newspapers and magazines as something between a national laughing stock and a clear menace to organized religion.
超驗(yàn)主義觀點(diǎn)的核心是主張人能超越感覺(jué)和理性而直接認(rèn)識(shí)真理，認(rèn)為人類世界的一切都是宇宙的一個(gè)縮影——“世界將其自身縮小成為一滴露水”（愛(ài)默生語(yǔ)）。
omantici *** is a movement prevailing the 19th centure in Weasterm World in literature,art music and philosophy beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of neo-classici *** .It was marked and is always marked by a story reaction .It returned to nature and plain humanity for material.Itbrought about a renewed interest in medieval literature.It was also marked by sympathy for poor people and thus a deep understanding toward mon people.It was a movement expression of indivdual orignality and different poets realized their variety.A dream of golden age is established against stern realities .Imagination is the key point.
超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義是美國(guó)文學(xué)的
transcendentali *** ;Emerson said "What is popular called transcendentali *** among us is ideali *** "relies on the intuition and the conscrience sponsored in American cheifly by Emerso ,it became a literary movement as well as philosophic conseption.
natureli *** is a literary trend prevailing in the second half of the 19th century in Europe,especially France and Germany.Naturali *** is an attempt to achieve fidelity to nature by rejecting idealized protrayals of lices.In literature,it can be further defined as a technique of objective view of man or a mood with frankness and accuracy.According to naturalists writes,man is shaped by hehedity and environment,over which they cannot control.They tend to show "true-to-life'description without selection.They show man'struggling for survival.
transcendentalism超驗(yàn)主義
http://baike.baidu.com/view/681437.htm
hemingway’s iceberg theory 冰山理論
http://iask.sina.com.cn/b/3137216.html?from=related
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1076573.htm
the lost generation 迷失的一代
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/12734398.html
美國(guó)清教主義American puritanism
http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJEX200706115.htm
意象主義imagism
http://baike.baidu.com/view/679592.htm
以上就是超驗(yàn)主義名詞解釋英文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，超驗(yàn)主義（英文：Transcendentalism，也叫“新英格蘭超驗(yàn)主義”或者說(shuō)“美國(guó)文藝復(fù)興”）是美國(guó)的一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)。它興起于1830年代的新英格蘭地區(qū)，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是美國(guó)思想家、詩(shī)人拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛(ài)默生。
